How to perform a NVRAM/PRAM reset

Resetting the NVRAM (non-volatile random-access memory) or PRAM (parameter RAM) on a Mac can help resolve various issues. Here’s how to do it:

1. What is NVRAM and PRAM?

• NVRAM: Modern Macs use NVRAM instead of PRAM. It stores essential settings like startup disk, speaker volume, screen resolution, time zone, and recent kernel panic details.
• PRAM: In older Macs, PRAM stored similar information but had additional parameters.

1. When to Reset NVRAM or PRAM:

• If your Mac settings keep getting messed up (e.g., wrong screen resolution, audio problems, incorrect date/time, trackpad not responding, wifi not connecting properly), consider resetting NVRAM.
• Annoying issues that persist despite adjusting settings may benefit from a reset.

1. How to Reset NVRAM or PRAM:

• Turn off your Mac.
• Press the power button.
• Immediately hold down Command + Option + P + R.
• Keep holding until you hear the startup sound again.
• Release the keys, and your Mac will restart normally

Remember, resetting NVRAM/PRAM restores factory default settings, so any customizations will be lost. However, it’s safe and quick!

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